Metà palazzo neoclassico e metà castello medievale
Il Castello Caldoresco, principale monumento cittadino, presenta due nature opposte. SI staglia come maniero medievale, con tanto di fossato e ponte levatoio se lo si osserva dalla piazza Barbacani, mentre appare come un palazzo neoclassico, Palazzo Palmieri, se lo si guarda dalla piazza Rossetti.
Il castello, nelle sue forme composite ed eclettiche, costituisce in realtà un compendio della storia cittadina e, osservandolo con attenzione, si possono rileggere le vicende di duemila anni di storia riassunte nelle sue mura.
Se si potesse accedere alle sue cantine, nella parte trasformata in palazzo, si scoprirebbero infatti delle mura romane. Sono quelle dell’anfiteatro dell’antica Histonium, sulle cui rovine i franchi avevano probabilmente costruito il primo castello dopo la conquista del borgo nel 802 e la fondazione del Vasto d’Aymone.
Quando Giacomo Caldora, potente capitano di ventura, ricevette in feudo nel 1422 la città del Vasto, decise di adeguare il castello alle necessità difensive imposte dall’avvento delle armi da fuoco. Per questo nel 1427 fece iniziare i lavori, affidati probabilmente all’ingegnere militare Mariano di Jacopo da Siena, detto il Taccola. Questi allargò il castello secondo un modello definito “cinta bastionata”, con tre robusti bastioni “a mandorla” atti a deviare i colpi di artiglieria e un quarto bastione circolare a cui era addossata la porta “di castello” nel punto in cui oggi si passa da Piazza Rossetti a Piazza Diomede.
Il castello che vediamo oggi da Piazza Barbacani, è quindi quello del 1427, privato delle due torri interne alle mura che originariamente ne facevano parte e che dovevano dare originariamente al castello un aspetto simile a quello sempre costruito dal Caldora a Pacentro. Le torri che oggi fanno capolino dalle mura, quella sormontata dalla lanterna ottogonale e quella cilindrica con la merlatura guelfa, furono invece aggiunte dal marchese Cesare Michelangelo d’Avalos, che riacquisto il castello dal Comune nel 1701 e lo restaurò, dopo che questo era stato utilizzato come tribunale e come carcere.
Dopo il periodo napoleonico, il castello fu acquistato da Salvatore Palmieri che affido al maggior architetto cittadino, il Pietrocola, la costruzione del palazzo che oggi si osserva da Piazza Rossetti. All’intervento originario del Pietrocola ne seguirono altri che deturparono il lato Nord con una serie di botteghe costruite a ridosso del muro esterno di cinta, botteghe che fortunatamente sono state demolite nel 1960, anno in cui almeno la facciata medievale del Castello è stata riportata alle sue forme originali.
Scopri il Castello Caldoresco durante uno dei nostri tour
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Grand tour1.399,00 €
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T’aspetto a Vasto179,00 €
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